for pasture

* * *

pascŭus, a, um, adj. [pasco], of or for pasture, grazing (class.):

ager,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 47:

agri, arvi et arbusti et pascui,

Cic. Rep. 5, 2, 3:

rura,

Lucr. 5, 1248:

silva,

Dig. 50, 16, 30; cf. in the foll.—

Subst.

pascŭum, i, n., a pasture (usu. in plur.; cf. pabulum).

Lit.:

ab viridi pascuo,

Varr. R. R. 2, 11, 2:

ne esuriens mittatur in pascuum,

Col. 8, 14, 8:

rus quod pascuo caret,

id. 7, 1, 1; Plin. 8, 47, 72, § 189.—

Plur.:

in censorum pascuis,

Cic. Agr. 1, 1, 3:

gregem in pascua mittere,

Verg. G. 3, 323:

pascua laeta,

Ov. F. 4, 476:

pascua herbosa,

id. M. 2, 689:

Lucana,

Hor. Epod. 1, 28:

laeta Clitumni pascua,

Juv. 12, 13:

exire in pascua,

Plin. 10, 44, 61, § 126:

etiam nunc in tabulis censoriis pascua dicuntur omnia, ex quibus populus reditus habet, quia diu hoc solum vectigal fuerat,

Plin. 18, 3, 3, § 11.—

Transf., food (post-class.):

pascua jurulenta,

App. M. 2, p. 117, 31.—

pascŭa, ae, f. (sc. terra), a pasture (postclass.), Tert. Apol. 22, Vulg. Joel, 1, 18; id. Ezech. 34, 31.

pascŭus, a, um, adj. [pasco], of or for pasture, grazing (class.):

ager,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 47:

agri, arvi et arbusti et pascui,

Cic. Rep. 5, 2, 3:

rura,

Lucr. 5, 1248:

silva,

Dig. 50, 16, 30; cf. in the foll.—

Subst.

pascŭum, i, n., a pasture (usu. in plur.; cf. pabulum).

Lit.:

ab viridi pascuo,

Varr. R. R. 2, 11, 2:

ne esuriens mittatur in pascuum,

Col. 8, 14, 8:

rus quod pascuo caret,

id. 7, 1, 1; Plin. 8, 47, 72, § 189.—

Plur.:

in censorum pascuis,

Cic. Agr. 1, 1, 3:

gregem in pascua mittere,

Verg. G. 3, 323:

pascua laeta,

Ov. F. 4, 476:

pascua herbosa,

id. M. 2, 689:

Lucana,

Hor. Epod. 1, 28:

laeta Clitumni pascua,

Juv. 12, 13:

exire in pascua,

Plin. 10, 44, 61, § 126:

etiam nunc in tabulis censoriis pascua dicuntur omnia, ex quibus populus reditus habet, quia diu hoc solum vectigal fuerat,

Plin. 18, 3, 3, § 11.—

Transf., food (post-class.):

pascua jurulenta,

App. M. 2, p. 117, 31.—

pascŭa, ae, f. (sc. terra), a pasture (postclass.), Tert. Apol. 22, Vulg. Joel, 1, 18; id. Ezech. 34, 31.

saltus, ūs, m. [2. salio], a leaping, leap, spring, bound (class.), Sen. Ep. 15, 4: saltu uti, * Cic. Sen. 6, 19: cum alacribus saltu, cum velocibus cursu certabat, Sall. Fragm. ap. Veg. Mil. 1, 9 fin.:

saltu pernici tollere corpus,

Lucr. 5, 559; cf.:

(monocoli) mirae pernicitatis ad saltum,

Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 23:

corpora saltu Subiciunt in equos,

Verg. A. 12, 287:

saltu Emicat in currum,

id. ib. 12, 326;

9, 553: saltu superare viam,

id. G. 3, 141:

saltum dare,

to make a leap, Ov. M. 4, 551; so in plur.:

dare saltus,

id. ib. 2, 165; 3, 599; 3, 683; 11, 524; cf.:

praeceps saltu sese In fluvium dedit,

Verg. A. 9, 815:

ut eadem (sc. crura ranarum) sint longis saltibus apta,

Ov. M. 15, 377.—

Trop.:

ab egestate infimā ad saltum sublati divitiarum ingentium,

Amm. 22, 4, 3.

saltus, ūs ( gen. salti, Att. ap. Non. 486, 1), m. [etym. dub.; perh. akin to Sanscr. sar-, sal-, to go; v. Corss. Ausspr. 2, 71], a woody district, uncultivated but used for pasture, a forest-pasture, woodland-pasture, woodland (level or mountainous); freq. and class.; cf.: silva, nemus, lucus).

Lit.: saltus est, ubi silvae et pastiones sunt, quarum causā casae quoque. Si qua particula in eo saltu pastorum aut custodum causā aratur ea res non peremit nomen saltui, non magis quam fundi, qui est in agro culto, et ejus causā habet aedificium, si qua particula in eo habet silvam, Ael. Gall. ap. Fest. p. 302 Müll.; cf. Varr. L. L. 5, 6, 10:

conductor saltūs, in quo fundus est,

Dig. 19, 1, 52:

in saltu habente habitationes,

ib. 3, 5, 27:

saltum pascuum locare,

ib. 19, 2, 19:

silvestribus saltibus delectantur,

Varr. R. R. 2, 3, 6:

saltibus in vacuis pascunt,

Verg. G. 3, 143:

floriferis in saltibus,

Lucr. 3, 11:

de saltu agroque vi detruditur,

Cic. Quint. 6, 28:

silvis aut saltibus se eripere,

Caes. B. G. 6, 43 fin.; cf.:

montium domina ut fores, Silvarumque virentium Saltuumque reconditorum,

Cat. 34, 11; so (with silvae) Verg. G. 3, 40; 4, 53; id. A. 4, 72; Ov. M. 2, 498; (with nemora) Verg. E. 10, 9; cf.:

in silvestrem saltum,

Curt. 4, 3, 21:

unde tot Quinctilianus habet saltus,

Juv. 7, 188; 10, 194; Hor. C. 2, 3, 17; 3, 4, 15; id. E. 2, 2, 178.—In the poets also as the abode of wild animals:

saepire plagis saltum canibusque ciere,

Lucr. 5, 1251; Verg. G. 1, 140; 2, 471; id. A. 4, 121:

saltus venatibus apti,

Ov. H. 5, 17; id. M. 2, 498.—

Esp., a narrow pass, ravine, mountain - valley:

omnia vada ac saltus hujus paludis certis custodiis obtinebat,

Caes. B. G. 7, 19:

Pyrenaeos saltus occupari jubet,

id. B. C. 1, 37; cf. id. ib. 1, 37 fin.; 1, 38;

3, 19: saltu angusto superatis montibus,

Liv. 42, 53; cf.:

angustiae saltibus crebris inclusae,

id. 28, 1:

ante saltum Thermopylarum in septentrionem versa Epirus,

id. 36, 15:

premendo praesidiis angustos saltus inclusit,

id. 40, 40; cf.:

nemorum jam claudite saltus,

Verg. E. 6, 56:

saltibus degressi scrupulosis et inviis,

Amm. 19, 13, 1.—

In partic., in agriculture, a portion of the public lands, consisting of four centuriae, Varr. R. R. 1, 10, 2.—

Transf., = pudendum muliebre, Plaut. Cas. 5, 2, 41; id. Curc. 1, 1, 56.—

Trop.:

meumque erum ex hoc saltu damni salvum ut educam foras,

from this forest of danger, this ticklish situation, Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 28; v. Ritschl ad h. 1.

aestīvus, a, um, adj. [aestas], of or pertaining to summer, summer-like, summer (freq. and class.):

Quo pacto aestivis e partibus Aegocerotis Brumalīs adeat flexus,

turns from the hot region of heaven to the wintry sign of Capricorn, Lucr. 5, 615; so id. 5, 639:

aestivos menses rei militari dare, hibernos juris dictioni,

Cic. Att. 5, 14:

tempora, dies,

summer time, summer days, id. Verr. 2, 5, 31:

sol,

Verg. G. 4, 28:

aura,

Hor. C. 1, 22, 18:

umbra,

Ov. M. 13, 793:

rus,

Mart. 8, 61:

per aestivos saltus deviasque calles exercitum ducimus,

through woods, where flocks were driven for summer pasture, Liv. 22, 14:

aves,

summer birds, id. 5, 6:

animalia,

the insects of summer, Plin. 9, 47, 71, § 154:

expeditiones,

which were undertaken in summer, Vell. 2, 114: castra, a summer camp (constructed differently from a winter camp), Suet. Claud. 1.—Hence,

Subst.: aestīva, ōrum, n.

For a summer camp, ta therina:

dum in aestivis essemus,

Cic. Att. 5, 17; id. Fam. 2, 13: aestiva praetoris, of a pleasure-camp, pleasurehouse, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 37.—

The time appropriate for a campaign (cf. aestas; often continuing until December; v. Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 2, 7);

hence,

a campaign, Cic. Pis. 40: aestivis confectis, after the campaign was ended (which did not take place until the Saturnalia, XIV. Kal. Januar.), id. Fam. 3, 9 fin.:

perducere aestiva in mensem Decembrem,

Vell. 2, 105.—

Summer pastures for cattle:

per montium aestiva,

Plin. 24, 6, 19, § 28.— Meton. for the cattle themselves:

Nec singula morbi Corpora corripiunt, sed tota aestiva,

Verg. G. 3, 472.— Hence, * adv.: aestīvē, in a summer-like manner, as in summer: admodum aestive viaticati sumus, we are furnished in a very summer-like manner with money for our journey, i. e. we have but little (the figure taken from the light dress of summer;

or, acc. to others, from the scanty provisions which soldiers took with them in summer),

Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 30.

arvus, a, um, adj. [for aruus from aro].

That has been ploughed, but not yet sown, ploughed, arable:

ager, arvus et arationes ab arando,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 39 Müll.:

arvum, quod aratum nec dum satum est,

id. R. R. 1, 29; Paul. ex Fest. p. 25 Müll.:

aut arvus est ager aut consitus aut pascuus aut florens,

Isid. Orig. 15, 13:

Non arvus hic, sed pascuus est ager,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 47:

agri arvi et arbusti et pascui lati atque uberes,

Cic. Rep. 5, 2, 3.—Hence,

Subst.

arva, ae, f. (sc. terra), an arable field, cornfield; only twice, ante - class., Naev. ap. Non. p. 192, 30; Pac. ib.—

arvum, i, n. (sc. solum), an arable field, cultivated land, a field, ploughed land, glebe (cf. Doed. Syn. III. p. 8;

class.): nec scibat ferro molirier arva,

Lucr. 5, 934; 1, 314:

sol lumine conserit arva,

id. 2, 211; cf. id. 2, 1162; Ov. M. 1, 598; 11, 33; Verg. G. 2, 263 et saep.:

ex arvo aeque magno,

Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 2:

prata et arva et pecudum greges diliguntur isto modo, quod fructus ex eis capiuntur,

Cic. N. D. 1, 44, 122:

arva non afferent cibum,

Vulg. Hab. 3, 17:

Numidae pabulo pecoris magis quam arvo student,

Sall. J. 90, 1:

ne perconteris, fundus meus, optime Quincti, Arvo pascat erum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 2 (i. e. frugibus:

arvum autem ab arando dictum est, Crucq.): arva per annos mutant, et superest ager,

Tac. G. 26; Suet. Ner. 31; id. Dom. 7.—

Meton.

A region, country:

Aspicis en praesens, quali jaceamus in arvo,

Ov. P. 4, 7, 3.—

Poet., in gen., fields, plains, regions: arva putria, Liv. And. ap. Fest. p. 181 Müll.:

genus humanum multo fuit in arvis durius,

Lucr. 5, 925; 2, 1154:

nec pisces (queunt) vivere in arvis,

id. 3, 785:

Circaea arva,

Ov. M. 14, 348:

Peneïa,

id. ib. 12, 209; so id. ib. 15, 52; 15, 276; 11, 62; 11, 196; Verg. A. 5, 703 et saep.:

pomosa,

Prop. 5, 7, 81:

quā tumidus rigat arva Nilus,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 48; id. Epod. 16, 54; so,

arva deserti,

Vulg. Jer. 23, 10:

arva pacis,

ib. ib. 25, 37.—Hence also,

For pascuum, pasture-ground:

Arvaque mugitu sancite bovaria longo: Nobile erit Romae pascua vestra forum,

i. e. the Forum Boarium at Rome, Prop. 5, 9, 19.—

Arva Neptunia, for the sea, Verg. A. 8, 695 (cf. id. ib. 6, 724: campi liquentes). —

Land, a shore, coast:

jamque arva tenebant (angues),

Verg. A. 2, 209.

arvus, a, um, adj. [for aruus from aro].

That has been ploughed, but not yet sown, ploughed, arable:

ager, arvus et arationes ab arando,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 39 Müll.:

arvum, quod aratum nec dum satum est,

id. R. R. 1, 29; Paul. ex Fest. p. 25 Müll.:

aut arvus est ager aut consitus aut pascuus aut florens,

Isid. Orig. 15, 13:

Non arvus hic, sed pascuus est ager,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 47:

agri arvi et arbusti et pascui lati atque uberes,

Cic. Rep. 5, 2, 3.—Hence,

Subst.

arva, ae, f. (sc. terra), an arable field, cornfield; only twice, ante - class., Naev. ap. Non. p. 192, 30; Pac. ib.—

arvum, i, n. (sc. solum), an arable field, cultivated land, a field, ploughed land, glebe (cf. Doed. Syn. III. p. 8;

class.): nec scibat ferro molirier arva,

Lucr. 5, 934; 1, 314:

sol lumine conserit arva,

id. 2, 211; cf. id. 2, 1162; Ov. M. 1, 598; 11, 33; Verg. G. 2, 263 et saep.:

ex arvo aeque magno,

Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 2:

prata et arva et pecudum greges diliguntur isto modo, quod fructus ex eis capiuntur,

Cic. N. D. 1, 44, 122:

arva non afferent cibum,

Vulg. Hab. 3, 17:

Numidae pabulo pecoris magis quam arvo student,

Sall. J. 90, 1:

ne perconteris, fundus meus, optime Quincti, Arvo pascat erum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 2 (i. e. frugibus:

arvum autem ab arando dictum est, Crucq.): arva per annos mutant, et superest ager,

Tac. G. 26; Suet. Ner. 31; id. Dom. 7.—

Meton.

A region, country:

Aspicis en praesens, quali jaceamus in arvo,

Ov. P. 4, 7, 3.—

Poet., in gen., fields, plains, regions: arva putria, Liv. And. ap. Fest. p. 181 Müll.:

genus humanum multo fuit in arvis durius,

Lucr. 5, 925; 2, 1154:

nec pisces (queunt) vivere in arvis,

id. 3, 785:

Circaea arva,

Ov. M. 14, 348:

Peneïa,

id. ib. 12, 209; so id. ib. 15, 52; 15, 276; 11, 62; 11, 196; Verg. A. 5, 703 et saep.:

pomosa,

Prop. 5, 7, 81:

quā tumidus rigat arva Nilus,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 48; id. Epod. 16, 54; so,

arva deserti,

Vulg. Jer. 23, 10:

arva pacis,

ib. ib. 25, 37.—Hence also,

For pascuum, pasture-ground:

Arvaque mugitu sancite bovaria longo: Nobile erit Romae pascua vestra forum,

i. e. the Forum Boarium at Rome, Prop. 5, 9, 19.—

Arva Neptunia, for the sea, Verg. A. 8, 695 (cf. id. ib. 6, 724: campi liquentes). —

Land, a shore, coast:

jamque arva tenebant (angues),

Verg. A. 2, 209.

grāmen, ĭnis, n. [Sanscr. root gar-, to swallow; Gr. bor- in bibrôskô, bora; Lat. -vorus, in carnivorus, vorare, etc.; hence, fuller root gras-; Gr. grastis; Lat. grāmen for gras-men; cf. Germ. Gras; Engl. grass], grass (cf.: herba, faenum, cespes, glaeba).

Sing.:

prostrati in gramine molli,

Lucr. 2, 29; 5, 1392; Hor. Epod. 2, 24:

cervus graminis immemor,

id. C. 1, 15, 30:

aprici campi,

id. A. P. 162:

graminis herba,

a blade of grass, Verg. E. 5, 26; Liv. 1, 24, 5:

floreum,

flowery turf, Mart. 9, 91, 1:

generosum,

Juv. 12, 40:

quocumque de gramine (equus),

pasture, id. 8, 60.—

Plur.:

tondere gramina,

Lucr. 2, 660; Hor. C. 4, 7, 1; 4, 1, 39; Verg. E. 10, 29; id. G. 1, 56; 2, 200 et saep.—

Transf., a plant, herb.

In gen.:

ignobile cerinthae,

Verg. G. 4, 63:

Indum,

Indian aromatic herbs, Stat. S. 2, 1, 187; cf.:

Arabum de gramine odores,

Prop. 2, 29 (3, 27), 17; Quint. 5, 8, 1:

non illa feris incognita capris Gramina (i. e. dictamnus),

Verg. A. 12, 415:

neve parum valeant a se data gramina,

Ov. M. 7, 137 (for which:

accepit cantatas herbas,

id. ib. 7, 98).—

In partic., dog's-grass, couch-grass, Plin. 24, 19, 118, § 178 sq.

stăbŭlum, i, n. [sto], a standing-place, abode, habitation, dwelling.

In gen. (very rare;

perh. only in the foll. passages): stabile stabulum,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 56; cf.:

nusquam stabulum est confidentiae,

id. Most. 2, 1, 3:

DOMESTICORVM ET STABVLI SACRI,

Inscr. Orell. 1134.—

A stoppingplace or abode for animals or persons of the lower class (freq. and class.).

For animals, a stall, stable, enclosure of any kind (cf. praesepe):

ovium,

Varr. R. R. 2, 2, [p. 1750] 19:

pecudum, boum, etc.,

Col. 1, 6, 4; 6, 23, 2; Verg. G. 3, 295; 3, 302; Hor. C. 1, 4, 3 al.; cf.:

pastorum stabula,

Cic. Sest. 5, 12:

avium cohortalium,

Col. 8, 1, 3:

pavonum,

i. e. an aviary, id. 8, 11, 3:

piscium,

i. e. a fishpond, id. 8, 17 7:

apium,

i. e. a beehive, Verg. G. 4, 14; 4, 191; Col. 9, 6, 4:

stabula ferarum,

lairs, haunts, Verg. A. 6, 179; cf. id. ib. 10, 723:

a stabulis tauros avertit,

pasture, id. ib. 8, 207; 8, 213.—

Poet., transf., herds, flocks, droves, etc.:

stabuli nutritor Iberi,

i. e. Spanish sheep, Mart. 8, 28, 5:

mansueta,

Grat. Cyn. 154.—

Of humble houses.

A dwelling like a stable, cottage, hut:

pastorum,

Cic. Sest. 5, 12:

ardua tecta stabuli,

Verg. A. 7, 512; Liv. 1, 4, 7; Just. 1, 4, 11.—

Esp., a public-house, pothouse, tavern, hostelry, etc.:

cauponam vel stabulum exercere,

Dig. 4, 9, 1; Petr. 6, 3; 8, 2; 16, 4; 79, 5; 97, 1; Plin. Ep. 6, 19, 4; Mart. 6, 94, 3; App. M. 1, p. 104, 9; Spart. Sev. 1 al.—Such pothouses were also the usual abode of prostitutes, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 56.—Hence,

Stabulum = lupanar, a brothel, house of ill - fame:

pro cubiculis stabula,

Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69.—

As a term of abuse:

stabulum flagitii,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 31:

nequitiae,

id. Cas. 2, 1, 13:

servitritium,

id. Pers. 3, 3, 13.—On account of his intercourse with king Nicomedes, the nickname of stabulum Nicomedis was given to Cæsar, acc. to Suet. Caes. 49.

lactārĭus, a, um, adj. [id.], of or belonging to milk, containing milk, milky; made of milk or with milk.

In gen.: lactaria columna in foro holitorio dicta, quod ibi infantes lacte alendos deferebant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 88:

herba,

milk-weed, Plin. 26, 8, 39, § 62:

opus,

food prepared with milk, Lampr. Heliog. 32:

Mons,

a hill in Campania, famous for its pasture, Cassiod. Var. 11, 10 init. —So, absol.: lactārĭum, ii, n., milkfood, Lampr. Heliog. 26.— lactārĭus, ii, m., a preparer of milk-food, Lampr. Heliog [p. 1028] 27, 3.—Also, a seller of milk, = galaktopôlês, Gloss. Labb.—

In partic., suckling, giving suck:

boves,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 17.

lactārĭus, a, um, adj. [id.], of or belonging to milk, containing milk, milky; made of milk or with milk.

In gen.: lactaria columna in foro holitorio dicta, quod ibi infantes lacte alendos deferebant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 88:

herba,

milk-weed, Plin. 26, 8, 39, § 62:

opus,

food prepared with milk, Lampr. Heliog. 32:

Mons,

a hill in Campania, famous for its pasture, Cassiod. Var. 11, 10 init. —So, absol.: lactārĭum, ii, n., milkfood, Lampr. Heliog. 26.— lactārĭus, ii, m., a preparer of milk-food, Lampr. Heliog [p. 1028] 27, 3.—Also, a seller of milk, = galaktopôlês, Gloss. Labb.—

In partic., suckling, giving suck:

boves,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 17.

nĕmus, ŏris, n. [root nem-, distribute; Gr. nemô, nomos; cf. nemos, pasturage, and Lat. Numa, numerus], = nemos, a wood with open glades and meadows for cattle, a wood with much pasture-land, a grove; poet., a wood in gen. (cf.: saltus, silva, lucus).

Lit.:

cras foliis nemus Multis tempestas Sternet,

Hor. C. 3, 17, 9:

multos nemora silvaeque commovent,

Cic. Div. 1, 50, 114: in nemore Pelio, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 22, 34 (Trag. v. 280 Vahl.):

montium custos nemorumque (Diana),

Hor. C. 3, 22, 1:

gelidum,

id. ib. 1, 1, 30:

nemorum saltus,

Verg. E. 6, 56:

nemus arboribus densum,

Ov. F. 6, 9:

nemorum avia,

id. M. 1, 479:

nemora in domibus sacros imitantia lucos,

Tib. 3, 3, 15:

sacri fontis nemus,

Juv. 3, 17.—

In partic., a heath or grove consecrated to a divinity:

Angitiae nemus,

Verg. A. 7, 759.—Also alone: Nĕmus, the sacred grove of Diana at Aricia, where Cæsar had a villa, Cic. Att. 15, 4, 5; cf.:

tabulam pictam in nemore Dianae posuit,

Plin. 35, 7, 33, § 52; v. nemorensis, II. B.—

Poet. transf., a tree:

nemora alta,

Luc. 1, 453; Mart. 9, 62, 9; cf. Verg. G. 2, 401.—Also, wood:

strictum acervans nemore congesto aggerem,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 1216.

nĕmus, ŏris, n. [root nem-, distribute; Gr. nemô, nomos; cf. nemos, pasturage, and Lat. Numa, numerus], = nemos, a wood with open glades and meadows for cattle, a wood with much pasture-land, a grove; poet., a wood in gen. (cf.: saltus, silva, lucus).

Lit.:

cras foliis nemus Multis tempestas Sternet,

Hor. C. 3, 17, 9:

multos nemora silvaeque commovent,

Cic. Div. 1, 50, 114: in nemore Pelio, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 22, 34 (Trag. v. 280 Vahl.):

montium custos nemorumque (Diana),

Hor. C. 3, 22, 1:

gelidum,

id. ib. 1, 1, 30:

nemorum saltus,

Verg. E. 6, 56:

nemus arboribus densum,

Ov. F. 6, 9:

nemorum avia,

id. M. 1, 479:

nemora in domibus sacros imitantia lucos,

Tib. 3, 3, 15:

sacri fontis nemus,

Juv. 3, 17.—

In partic., a heath or grove consecrated to a divinity:

Angitiae nemus,

Verg. A. 7, 759.—Also alone: Nĕmus, the sacred grove of Diana at Aricia, where Cæsar had a villa, Cic. Att. 15, 4, 5; cf.:

tabulam pictam in nemore Dianae posuit,

Plin. 35, 7, 33, § 52; v. nemorensis, II. B.—

Poet. transf., a tree:

nemora alta,

Luc. 1, 453; Mart. 9, 62, 9; cf. Verg. G. 2, 401.—Also, wood:

strictum acervans nemore congesto aggerem,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 1216.

verso ( vorso), āvi, ātum, 1 ( inf. vorsarier, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 53), v. freq. a. [verto], to turn, wind, twist, or whirl about often or violently (freq. and class.; syn.: verto, contorqueo).

Lit.: qui caelum versat stellis fulgentibus aptum, Enn. ap. Macr. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 30 Vahl.): Sisyphus versat Saxum, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

turbinem puer,

Tib. 1, 5, 4:

turdos in igni,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 72:

ova non acri favillā,

Ov. M. 8, 667:

cum versati appositi essent pisces,

Quint. 6, 3, 90:

vinclorum inmensa volumina,

Verg. A. 5, 408:

manum,

Ov. M. 12, 493:

lumina,

id. ib. 5, 134; 6, 247;

7, 579: cardinem,

id. ib. 4, 93:

fusum,

id. ib. 4, 221;

6, 22: corpus,

id. Am. 1, 2, 4:

sortem urnā,

to shake, Hor. C. 2, 3, 26:

ligonibus glaebas,

to turn up, hoe, id. ib. 3, 6, 39; so,

rura (juvenci),

Prop. 4 (5), 1, 129:

terram,

Ov. R. Am. 173:

desectum gramen,

hay, id. M. 14, 646:

currum in gramine,

i. e. to wheel about, Verg. A. 12, 664:

oves,

to drive about, pasture, id. E. 10, 68:

pulsat versatque Dareta,

id. A. 5, 460:

me versant in litore venti,

id. ib. 6, 362: vos exemplaria Graeca Nocturnā versate manu, versate diurnā, turn them over, i. e. read, study them, Hor. A. P. 269:

et nummulario non ex fide versanti pecunias manus amputavit,

handling, accounting for, Suet. Galb. 9.—With se, or mid., to turn one's self often, to turn, revolve, etc.: versabat se in utramque partem, non solum mente, verum etiam corpore, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 30, § 74.—Prov.:

satis diu jam hoc saxum vorso,

I have wasted time enough with this man, Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 55.—Mid.:

mundum versari circum axem caeli,

Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 52:

qui (orbes) versantur retro,

id. Rep. 6, 17, 17:

pars superior mundi non versatur in turbinem,

Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 1:

suāpte naturā et cylindrum volvi et versari turbinem putat,

Cic. Fat. 18, 42:

ne versari aves possent,

Col. 8, 7, 1.—

Trop.

In gen., to turn, twist, bend:

versare suam naturam et regere ad tempus atque huc et illuc torquere et flectere,

Cic. Cael. 6, 13:

ad omnem malitiam et fraudem versare mentem suam coepit,

id. Clu. 26, 70:

eadem multis modis,

id. Or. 40, 137:

causas,

i. e. to treat, manage, id. ib. 9, 31; Quint. 10, 5, 9; cf. absol.:

non mille figuris variet ac verset (orator)?

id. 5, 14, 32:

verba,

to pervert, alter, Cic. Fin. 4, 20, 56:

fors omnia versat,

turns, changes, Verg. E. 9, 5;

so mid.: versatur celeri Fors levis orbe rotae,

Tib. 1, 5, 70:

huc et illuc, Torquate, vos versetis licet, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 2, 31, 99:

in quo, utrum respondebo, verses te huc atque illuc necesse est,

id. ib. 5, 28, 86:

versabat se ad omnis cogitationes,

Curt. 6, 6, 27.—

In partic. (rare in Cic.).

Qs. to turn upside down, i. e. to discompose, disturb, vex, agitate:

versabo ego illum hodie, si vivo, probe,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 5, 6; id. Pers. 5, 2, 17:

haerere homo, versari, rubere,

to be disturbed, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 76, § 187: si quid te adjuero curamve levasso Quae nunc te coquit et versat in pectore fixa, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 1, 1 (Ann. v. 340 Vahl.):

miserum toto cubili,

Prop. 1, 14, 21:

illum toto versant suspiria lecto,

id. 2, 22, 47 (3, 16, 5):

odiis domos,

to overthrow, ruin, subvert, Verg. A. 7, 336:

ille placet, versatque domum, neque verbera sentit,

i. e. disturbs without being punished, Ov. Am. 2, 2, 29:

sic fortuna in contentione et certamine utrumque versavit, ut alter alteri inimicus auxilio salutique esset,

alternated with, treated each in turn, Caes. B. G. 5, 44 fin.:

pectora,

id. ib. 2, 45:

muliebrem animum in omnes partes,

Liv. 1, 58, 3:

patrum animos,

id. 1, 17, 1:

pectora (nunc indignatio nunc pudor),

id. 2, 45, 5; cf.:

spesque timorque animum versat utroque modo,

Prop. 3, 17 (4, 16), 12.—

To turn over a thing in the mind, to think over, meditate, or reflect upon, revolve, consider; to transact, carry on (cf.:

volvo, agito): multas res simitu in meo corde vorso,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 1:

versarent in animis secum unamquamque rem,

Liv. 3, 34, 4:

illa dolos dirumque nefas in pectere versat, Certa mori,

Verg. A. 4, 563; so,

dolos,

id. ib. 2, 62:

versate diu, quid ferre recusent, Quid valeant umeri,

Hor. A. P. 39:

ubi maxima rerum momenta versantur,

Quint. 8, 3, 13:

versenturque omni modo numeri,

examined, considered, id. 10, 3, 5; 10, 5, 9:

somnia decies,

to interpret, Prop. 2, 4, 16:

multum igitur domi ante versandi sunt (testes), variis percontationibus, etc.,

examined, practised, Quint. 5, 7, 11.—

Transf., in the mid. form, versor ( vor-sor), ātus, 1, prop. to move about in a place, i. e. to dwell, live, remain, stay, abide, be in a place or among certain persons; constr. most freq. with in aliquā re; also with inter, intra, apud, and cum.

Lit.:

vorsari crebro hic cum viderent me domi,

Plaut. Am. prol. 128:

in medio pariete,

id. Cas. 1, 52:

non ad solarium, non in campo, non in conviviis versatus est,

Cic. Quint. 18, 59:

in fundo,

id. Mil. 20, 53:

in castris,

Caes. B. G. 2, 24:

inter aciem,

id. ib. 1, 52; cf.:

nec versari inter eos sine dedecore potero,

Cic. Att. 10, 8, 3:

intra vallum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 96:

alicui inter femina,

Suet. Tib. 44:

nobiscum versari jam diutius non potes,

Cic. Cat. 1, 5, 10;

apud praefectos regis,

Nep. Con. 2, 4.—

Trop.

In gen., to be; to be circumstanced or situated:

nescis, quantis in malis vorser miser,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 25:

certe ego te in medio versantem turbine leti Eripui,

Cat. 64, 149:

ergo illi nunc in pace versantur,

Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 6:

in clarissimā luce,

id. Off. 2, 13, 44:

Minturnenses aeternā in laude versantur,

id. Planc. 10, 26:

in simili culpā,

Caes. B. C. 3, 110:

mihi ante oculos dies noctesque versaris,

Cic. Fam. 14, 2, 3:

nec versantur omnino scripta eorum inter manus hominum,

i. e. are read, Dig. 1, 2, 2.—Of abstract subjects: numquam tibi populi Romani dignitas, numquam species ipsa hujusmodi multitudinis in oculis animoque versata est? Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 55, § 144:

mors, exsilium mihi ob oculos versabantur,

id. Sest. 21, 47:

haec omnia in eodem errore versantur,

id. N. D. 3, 10, 25; id. Tusc. 1, 44, 107:

aliquid in dubitatione versatur,

id. Rep. 2, 15, 29:

Mithridaticum bellum, in multā varietate versatum,

waged with many vicissitudes, id. Arch. 9, 21.—

In partic., to occupy or busy one's self with any action, to be engaged in any thing.

Of persons.

With in and abl. (class.):

opifices omnes in sordidā arte versantur,

Cic. Off. 1, 42, 150:

in omnibus ingenuis artibus,

id. Fam. 4, 3, 4:

versabor in re difficili,

id. Leg. 3, 15, 33:

in re publicā atque in his vitae periculis laboribusque,

id. Arch. 12, 30;

ullā in cogitatione acrius ac diligentius versari,

id. Rep. 1, 22, 35:

si diutius in hoc genere verser,

id. ib. 1, 46, 70:

multum in imperiis,

Nep. Milt. 8, 2.—

With circa and acc. (post-Aug.):

circa mensuras ac numeros non versabitur (orator)?

Quint. 2, 21, 19.—

With inter:

inter arma ac studia versatus,

Vell. 1, 13, 3.—

Of abstract subjects.

With in and abl. (class.):

haec omnia in eodem quo illa Zenonis errore versantur,

depend on, Cic. N. D. 3, 10, 25:

dicendi omnis ratio in hominum more et sermone versatur,

is occupied with, concerns, Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 12:

ejus omnis oratio versata est in eo, ut, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 57, 244; cf.:

imitatio est posita fere in eludendo, sed versatur etiam in factis,

Quint. 9, 2, 58: ipsae res in perfacili cognitione versantur Cic. Or. 35, 122;

quae omnes artes in veri investigatione versantur,

id. Off. 1, 6, 19:

omnia quae in causā versarentur,

Quint. 7, 1, 4:

epilogi omnes in eādem fere materiā versari solent,

id. 7, 4, 19; 2, 4, 1:

praejudiciorum vis omnis tribus in generibus versatur,

id. 5, 2, 1.—

With circa and acc. (post-Aug.):

haec pars (tragoedia) circa iram, odium, metum, miserationem fere tota versatur,

Quint. 6, 2, 20:

circa quae versari videatur omnis quaestio,

id. 3, 6, 23:

quidam circa res omnes, quidam circa civiles modo versari rhetoricen putaverunt,

id. 2, 15, 15.—

With abl.:

itaque (finitio) pluribus legibus isdem quibus conjectura versatur,

Quint. 7, 3, 1 (dub.; Halm, ex conj. in isdem).—

Part. perf.:

homo in aliis causis exercitatus et in hac multum et saepe versatus,

Cic. Quint. 1, 3:

viri in rerum publicarum varietate versati,

id. Rep. 3, 3, 4:

semper inter arma ac studia versatus,

Vell. 1, 13, 3.— Absol.:

is missum ad dilectus agendos Agricolam integreque ac strenue versatum praeposuit, etc.,

Tac. Agr. 7.

verso ( vorso), āvi, ātum, 1 ( inf. vorsarier, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 53), v. freq. a. [verto], to turn, wind, twist, or whirl about often or violently (freq. and class.; syn.: verto, contorqueo).

Lit.: qui caelum versat stellis fulgentibus aptum, Enn. ap. Macr. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 30 Vahl.): Sisyphus versat Saxum, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

turbinem puer,

Tib. 1, 5, 4:

turdos in igni,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 72:

ova non acri favillā,

Ov. M. 8, 667:

cum versati appositi essent pisces,

Quint. 6, 3, 90:

vinclorum inmensa volumina,

Verg. A. 5, 408:

manum,

Ov. M. 12, 493:

lumina,

id. ib. 5, 134; 6, 247;

7, 579: cardinem,

id. ib. 4, 93:

fusum,

id. ib. 4, 221;

6, 22: corpus,

id. Am. 1, 2, 4:

sortem urnā,

to shake, Hor. C. 2, 3, 26:

ligonibus glaebas,

to turn up, hoe, id. ib. 3, 6, 39; so,

rura (juvenci),

Prop. 4 (5), 1, 129:

terram,

Ov. R. Am. 173:

desectum gramen,

hay, id. M. 14, 646:

currum in gramine,

i. e. to wheel about, Verg. A. 12, 664:

oves,

to drive about, pasture, id. E. 10, 68:

pulsat versatque Dareta,

id. A. 5, 460:

me versant in litore venti,

id. ib. 6, 362: vos exemplaria Graeca Nocturnā versate manu, versate diurnā, turn them over, i. e. read, study them, Hor. A. P. 269:

et nummulario non ex fide versanti pecunias manus amputavit,

handling, accounting for, Suet. Galb. 9.—With se, or mid., to turn one's self often, to turn, revolve, etc.: versabat se in utramque partem, non solum mente, verum etiam corpore, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 30, § 74.—Prov.:

satis diu jam hoc saxum vorso,

I have wasted time enough with this man, Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 55.—Mid.:

mundum versari circum axem caeli,

Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 52:

qui (orbes) versantur retro,

id. Rep. 6, 17, 17:

pars superior mundi non versatur in turbinem,

Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 1:

suāpte naturā et cylindrum volvi et versari turbinem putat,

Cic. Fat. 18, 42:

ne versari aves possent,

Col. 8, 7, 1.—

Trop.

In gen., to turn, twist, bend:

versare suam naturam et regere ad tempus atque huc et illuc torquere et flectere,

Cic. Cael. 6, 13:

ad omnem malitiam et fraudem versare mentem suam coepit,

id. Clu. 26, 70:

eadem multis modis,

id. Or. 40, 137:

causas,

i. e. to treat, manage, id. ib. 9, 31; Quint. 10, 5, 9; cf. absol.:

non mille figuris variet ac verset (orator)?

id. 5, 14, 32:

verba,

to pervert, alter, Cic. Fin. 4, 20, 56:

fors omnia versat,

turns, changes, Verg. E. 9, 5;

so mid.: versatur celeri Fors levis orbe rotae,

Tib. 1, 5, 70:

huc et illuc, Torquate, vos versetis licet, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 2, 31, 99:

in quo, utrum respondebo, verses te huc atque illuc necesse est,

id. ib. 5, 28, 86:

versabat se ad omnis cogitationes,

Curt. 6, 6, 27.—

In partic. (rare in Cic.).

Qs. to turn upside down, i. e. to discompose, disturb, vex, agitate:

versabo ego illum hodie, si vivo, probe,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 5, 6; id. Pers. 5, 2, 17:

haerere homo, versari, rubere,

to be disturbed, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 76, § 187: si quid te adjuero curamve levasso Quae nunc te coquit et versat in pectore fixa, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 1, 1 (Ann. v. 340 Vahl.):

miserum toto cubili,

Prop. 1, 14, 21:

illum toto versant suspiria lecto,

id. 2, 22, 47 (3, 16, 5):

odiis domos,

to overthrow, ruin, subvert, Verg. A. 7, 336:

ille placet, versatque domum, neque verbera sentit,

i. e. disturbs without being punished, Ov. Am. 2, 2, 29:

sic fortuna in contentione et certamine utrumque versavit, ut alter alteri inimicus auxilio salutique esset,

alternated with, treated each in turn, Caes. B. G. 5, 44 fin.:

pectora,

id. ib. 2, 45:

muliebrem animum in omnes partes,

Liv. 1, 58, 3:

patrum animos,

id. 1, 17, 1:

pectora (nunc indignatio nunc pudor),

id. 2, 45, 5; cf.:

spesque timorque animum versat utroque modo,

Prop. 3, 17 (4, 16), 12.—

To turn over a thing in the mind, to think over, meditate, or reflect upon, revolve, consider; to transact, carry on (cf.:

volvo, agito): multas res simitu in meo corde vorso,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 1:

versarent in animis secum unamquamque rem,

Liv. 3, 34, 4:

illa dolos dirumque nefas in pectere versat, Certa mori,

Verg. A. 4, 563; so,

dolos,

id. ib. 2, 62:

versate diu, quid ferre recusent, Quid valeant umeri,

Hor. A. P. 39:

ubi maxima rerum momenta versantur,

Quint. 8, 3, 13:

versenturque omni modo numeri,

examined, considered, id. 10, 3, 5; 10, 5, 9:

somnia decies,

to interpret, Prop. 2, 4, 16:

multum igitur domi ante versandi sunt (testes), variis percontationibus, etc.,

examined, practised, Quint. 5, 7, 11.—

Transf., in the mid. form, versor ( vor-sor), ātus, 1, prop. to move about in a place, i. e. to dwell, live, remain, stay, abide, be in a place or among certain persons; constr. most freq. with in aliquā re; also with inter, intra, apud, and cum.

Lit.:

vorsari crebro hic cum viderent me domi,

Plaut. Am. prol. 128:

in medio pariete,

id. Cas. 1, 52:

non ad solarium, non in campo, non in conviviis versatus est,

Cic. Quint. 18, 59:

in fundo,

id. Mil. 20, 53:

in castris,

Caes. B. G. 2, 24:

inter aciem,

id. ib. 1, 52; cf.:

nec versari inter eos sine dedecore potero,

Cic. Att. 10, 8, 3:

intra vallum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 96:

alicui inter femina,

Suet. Tib. 44:

nobiscum versari jam diutius non potes,

Cic. Cat. 1, 5, 10;

apud praefectos regis,

Nep. Con. 2, 4.—

Trop.

In gen., to be; to be circumstanced or situated:

nescis, quantis in malis vorser miser,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 25:

certe ego te in medio versantem turbine leti Eripui,

Cat. 64, 149:

ergo illi nunc in pace versantur,

Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 6:

in clarissimā luce,

id. Off. 2, 13, 44:

Minturnenses aeternā in laude versantur,

id. Planc. 10, 26:

in simili culpā,

Caes. B. C. 3, 110:

mihi ante oculos dies noctesque versaris,

Cic. Fam. 14, 2, 3:

nec versantur omnino scripta eorum inter manus hominum,

i. e. are read, Dig. 1, 2, 2.—Of abstract subjects: numquam tibi populi Romani dignitas, numquam species ipsa hujusmodi multitudinis in oculis animoque versata est? Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 55, § 144:

mors, exsilium mihi ob oculos versabantur,

id. Sest. 21, 47:

haec omnia in eodem errore versantur,

id. N. D. 3, 10, 25; id. Tusc. 1, 44, 107:

aliquid in dubitatione versatur,

id. Rep. 2, 15, 29:

Mithridaticum bellum, in multā varietate versatum,

waged with many vicissitudes, id. Arch. 9, 21.—

In partic., to occupy or busy one's self with any action, to be engaged in any thing.

Of persons.

With in and abl. (class.):

opifices omnes in sordidā arte versantur,

Cic. Off. 1, 42, 150:

in omnibus ingenuis artibus,

id. Fam. 4, 3, 4:

versabor in re difficili,

id. Leg. 3, 15, 33:

in re publicā atque in his vitae periculis laboribusque,

id. Arch. 12, 30;

ullā in cogitatione acrius ac diligentius versari,

id. Rep. 1, 22, 35:

si diutius in hoc genere verser,

id. ib. 1, 46, 70:

multum in imperiis,

Nep. Milt. 8, 2.—

With circa and acc. (post-Aug.):

circa mensuras ac numeros non versabitur (orator)?

Quint. 2, 21, 19.—

With inter:

inter arma ac studia versatus,

Vell. 1, 13, 3.—

Of abstract subjects.

With in and abl. (class.):

haec omnia in eodem quo illa Zenonis errore versantur,

depend on, Cic. N. D. 3, 10, 25:

dicendi omnis ratio in hominum more et sermone versatur,

is occupied with, concerns, Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 12:

ejus omnis oratio versata est in eo, ut, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 57, 244; cf.:

imitatio est posita fere in eludendo, sed versatur etiam in factis,

Quint. 9, 2, 58: ipsae res in perfacili cognitione versantur Cic. Or. 35, 122;

quae omnes artes in veri investigatione versantur,

id. Off. 1, 6, 19:

omnia quae in causā versarentur,

Quint. 7, 1, 4:

epilogi omnes in eādem fere materiā versari solent,

id. 7, 4, 19; 2, 4, 1:

praejudiciorum vis omnis tribus in generibus versatur,

id. 5, 2, 1.—

With circa and acc. (post-Aug.):

haec pars (tragoedia) circa iram, odium, metum, miserationem fere tota versatur,

Quint. 6, 2, 20:

circa quae versari videatur omnis quaestio,

id. 3, 6, 23:

quidam circa res omnes, quidam circa civiles modo versari rhetoricen putaverunt,

id. 2, 15, 15.—

With abl.:

itaque (finitio) pluribus legibus isdem quibus conjectura versatur,

Quint. 7, 3, 1 (dub.; Halm, ex conj. in isdem).—

Part. perf.:

homo in aliis causis exercitatus et in hac multum et saepe versatus,

Cic. Quint. 1, 3:

viri in rerum publicarum varietate versati,

id. Rep. 3, 3, 4:

semper inter arma ac studia versatus,

Vell. 1, 13, 3.— Absol.:

is missum ad dilectus agendos Agricolam integreque ac strenue versatum praeposuit, etc.,

Tac. Agr. 7.